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South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa is a country geographically located at the southern tip of the African continent. It has a population of 59,622,350 inhabitants according to official estimates for 2020.
It borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Eswatini as well as Lesotho which is an enclosed territory, surrounded everywhere by parts of South Africa.
In June 2010, South Africa became the first African country to host the FIFA World Cup.
The racial disputes of the white minority with the black majority played an important role in the history and politics of South Africa, especially with regard to apartheid, instituted in 1948 by the South African National Party, although racial discrimination pre-existed.
The laws that made apartheid the state's domestic policy began to decline in 1990, after a long and violent struggle by the black majority and some white (eg Andre Brink and White Dry Age) colored and South African Indians.
South Africa is located at the southern tip of Africa and its 2,500 km long coastline spans two oceans (Atlantic and Indian. It covers an area of ??1,221,037 km2.
South Africa is the 25th largest country, and has a similar area to Colombia. The country is located between latitudes 22  and 35  South and longitudes 16  and 33  East, not counting the Prince Edward Islands, a small archipelago in the subarctic Indian Ocean.
The interior of South Africa consists of large and predominantly flat plateau, with an altitude between 1,000 and 2,100 meters. It is higher to the east and descends smoothly to the west and north.
The plateau is surrounded by the Great Krimnos, which is higher to the east, where the Drakensberg (Dragon Mountains) are located. Mafadi in Drakenberg is the highest peak in the country, with a height of 3,450 meters above sea level.
The southern and southwestern part of the plateau, along with the neighboring plain is known as the Great Caro, a sparsely populated shrubland. To the north are more arid areas, which eventually become the Kalahari Desert at the northwestern tip of the country. The largest rivers in the country are the Orangis, in the west, and the Limpopo, in the east.
South Africa has a generally temperate climate, as it is surrounded by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans on three sides and is located in the temperate zone of the southern Hemisphere.
Due to the varied topography and influence of the oceans, there is a wide variety of climatic zones, from the desert on the border with Namibia to the subtropical on the northeast, on the border with Mozambique. The Cape Peninsula has a Mediterranean climate, making it the only region in sub-Saharan Africa that receives the most rainfall in winter (which is between June and August in South Africa.